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Republic Day
Republic Day, honours the date on which the Constitution of India came into force on 26th Jan 1950 replacing the Government of India Act (1935) as governing document of India.
The Constitution of India was passed by the Constitution Assembly of India on 26th November 1949 but was adopted on 26th January 1950 with democratic government system, completing the country’s transition toward a becoming an independent republic. 26th January was selected for this purpose because it was this day in 1930 when the ‘Declaration of Indian Independence’ (Purna Swaraj) was announced by the Indian National Congress (INC). Republic day is one of 3 National holidays in India, other 2 being Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti.
India got independence from British rule on 15th August 1947 following the Indian independence movement noted for largely peaceful non – violent battle and civil disobedience led by Mahatma Gandhi. The independence came through the Indian Independence Act 1947, an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that divided British India into the 2 new independent Dominions of the British Common wealth (later : Commonwealth of Nations): India and Pakistan. India obtained its independence on 15th August 1947 as a constitutional monarchy with George VI as head of state and Earl Mountbatten as governor – general .
The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead its laws were based on the modified colonial Government of India Act 1935. On 28th August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as chairman. While India's Independence Day celebrates its freedom from British Rule, the Republic Day celebrates of coming into force of its constitution. A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on 4th November 1947.The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly signed two hand-written copies of the document (one each in Hindi and English) on 24th January 1950. Two days later, it came into effect throughout the nation.
Celebrations of Republic day
The main Republic Day celebration is held in the national capital, New Delhi, at the Rajpath before the President of India. On this day, ceremonious parades take place at the Rajpath, which are performed as a tribute to India.
In 2014, on the occasion of the 65th Republic Day, the Protocol Department of the Government of Maharashtra held its first parade on the lines of the Delhi Republic Day parade along the entire stretch of Marine Drive in Mumbai.
To mark is held in the capital, New Delhi, from the Raisina Hill near the Rashtrapati Bhavan or the President's residence, along the Rajpath, past India Gate.Prior to its commencement, the Prime Minister lays a floral wreath at the Amar Jawan Jyoti, a memorial to unknown soldiers at the India Gate at one end of Rajpath, which is followed by two minutes silence in the memory of unknown soldiers. It is a solemn reminder of the sacrifice of the martyrs who died for the country in the freedom movement and the succeeding wars for the defence of sovereignty of their country. Thereafter he/she reaches the main dais at Rajpath to join other dignitaries; subsequently the President arrives along with the chief guest of the occasion. They are escorted on horseback by the President's Bodyguard.
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